Since its Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. Abhijit Iyer-Mitra March 13, 2023 11:19:13 IST. For years, Irans standing as a Mideast power has been battered on a number of fronts. [31] However, the news former director has pointed out that Riyadh owns uranium materials in its desert, and has adopted a plan to extract it within 2030. And Middle East peace and stability is in the interests of the U.S. people. China's Growing Influence In The Middle Asia, Why China-brokered Saudi Arabia-Iran deal is only a masquerading achievement. It merely satisfies Chinas need to show the world that it can negotiate a peace (but nothing more). After defecting to the United States in 1994, Saudi diplomat Mohammad al Khilewi claimed that Saudi Arabia started a nuclear weapons program chaired by Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz following the Yom Kippur War and that it also financially and technologically assisted the Iraqi nuclear weapons progra In that case, that leaves Israel even more isolated than they already are and hopefully creates more pressure on them to be more open to a diplomatic solution to the situation with Irans nuclear program. Dr M.V. Saudi crown prince is plotting to get US nuclear secrets by playing the White House, Russia, and China off against each other, report says. The Chinese can at best provide finances, but not the political heft to make a tangible peace. Leaders from Israel, the United States, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain signing the Abraham Accords in Washington in 2020. agreement to restore ties with Saudi Arabia, in exchange for normalizing relations with Israel, Israel, which has engaged in a campaign of assassination and sabotage of sensitive sites in Iran, Iran International, a Saudi-owned and Washington-based Persian news channel. Shiite Iran and Sunni Saudi Arabia will continue to compete for leadership and influence across the Middle East, but their agreement carries the potential of decreasing what has been their destabilization of neighboring nations.. [7] In June 1998, the Prime Minister paid a farewell visit to King Fahd and publicly thanked the Saudi government for supporting the country after the tests. [32] At this meeting, Bhutto noted the advances made in the Israeli and the Indian nuclear programs, which he took as attempts to intimidate the Muslim world. Iran says its nuclear programme seeks only civilian atomic energy. Saudi Arabia has not officially maintained and possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMD). [41] The Center for Strategic and International Studies lists the CSS-5 as being capable of carrying either 250-kiloton or 500-kiloton nuclear or various types of conventional high-explosive warheads. To understand why this is, we need to understand the history of this dispute and how it affects each countrys approach today. Jackie Cabasso, Executive Director of the Western States Legal Foundation (WSLF), a non-profit, public interest organization which monitors and analyzes U.S. nuclear weapons, told IDN the stunning news of the China-brokered rapprochement between Saudi Arabia and Iran was preceded by just one day by a New York Times report that Saudi Arabia is seeking concessions from the United States, including assistance with its civilian nuclear program, in exchange for normalizing its relations with Israela goal long sought by Israel to help isolate Iran. According to The Wall Street Journal, Crown Prince Mohammed may be using its relations with China and Russia to establish a closer US security relationship. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Saudi Arabias enrichment program and refusal to adopt the Additional Protocol, doubled with a possible permissive South Korean reactor sale, could spell trouble. Unlike Tehran, however, Saudi Arabia is not known to have initiated any work to develop a nuclear warhead for its missiles, he added. [40], Newsweek quoted an anonymous source in 2014 that Saudi Arabia had acquired CSS-5 intermediate-range ballistic missiles from China in 2007 with "Washington's quiet approval on the condition that CIA technical experts could verify they were not designed to carry nuclear warheads". Conveniently for the Iranians, the Shias were in a majority in those exact provinces of Saudi Arabia that had all the oil (as well as in Iraq, Bahrain and parts of Yemen all ruled by Sunnis) and obviously got weaponized. In the final analysis it is safe to say that this watershed agreement is anything but. The nuclear arms control treaty, signed in 2010, was the last remaining nuclear treaty between the U.S. and Russia and limited each nation's nuclear warheads Clearly not. Bahrain does not have an embassy in Iran. The development could shift security calculations in the Middle East and further complicate the Biden administrations efforts to coax Iran back into its nuclear deal with world powers. An agreement in the final days of the Bush administration provided for cooperation between the United Arab Emirates and the United States of America in which the United States would sell the UAE nuclear reactors and nuclear fuel. [16], Riyadh declared that it was following a nuclear power program without co-operation of other countries, and according to a royal command in April 2010: "The development of atomic energy is essential to meet the Kingdom's growing requirements for energy to generate electricity, produce desalinated water and reduce reliance on depleting hydrocarbon resources." China is interested in preventing nuclear weapons They added that the site appears to have been constructed with Chinese assistance.. [33], Saudi Arabia constructed a facility for extracting uranium yellowcake from uranium ore with the help of China. In short peace will require expensive write-offs and for the other side to offer adequate compensation for such write-offs. Mr. Shamkhani said the Saudi-Iran deal would counter Israels nefarious activities in the Persian Gulf. Please enter valid email address to continue. MOHAMMED BIN SALMAN: Saudi Arabia does not want to acquire any nuclear bomb, but without a doubt if Iran developed a nuclear bomb, we will follow suit as soon as possible. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not represent the stand of this publication. [8][9], Saudi Arabia officially is a non-nuclear-weapon state party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,[10] and it has also an agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The implications of the China-Iran-Saudi Arabia deal for the revival of the JCPOA are among many head-spinning questions arising from the deal, said Cabasso. ICC issues arrest warrant for Putin over Ukraine war crimes, No. But beyond Israel, Mr. Shamkhanis negotiations will also focus on financial channels and trade with the Emirates. In 2003, a leaked strategy paper laid out three possible options for the Saudi government: to acquire a nuclear deterrent, to ally with and become protected by an existing nuclear nation, or to try to reach agreement on having a nuclear-free Middle East. Described as a victory for Chinese diplomacy in a volatile region which for long has been the happy hunting grounds of the United States, the rapprochement between a strong ally of the US and a longstanding ally of the Russians and the Chinese was one of the glorious uncertainties of Middle Eastern politics. The industry leader for online information for tax, accounting and finance professionals. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider And in December, Crown Prince Mohammed welcomed Chinese President Xi Jinping to Saudi Arabia for a lavish summit, where the leaders agreed to cooperate across a swath of economic and foreign policy goals. One of the aims of the rapprochement may be to check the growing influence in the region of Israel, which in 2020 reached a landmark accord with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, known as the Abraham Accords, mediated by the United States under President Trump. We realized that in order to solve many of our problems we had to make peace with the Big Brother of the Arab world, and that is Saudi Arabia. [35], In January 2023, Saudi Arabian Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz Bin Salman said Saudi Arabia plans to use domestically-sourced uranium in its future nuclear power industry, including developing the full nuclear fuel cycle. The seven years of hostilities did not benefit our interests at all.. MOHAMMED BIN SALMAN: Iran is not a rival to Saudi Arabia. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. From an official and public standpoint, Saudi Arabia has been an opponent of nuclear weapons in the Middle East, having signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and is a member of the coalition of countries demanding a Nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East. Till a bare nine years prior they had dealt with another radical upstart Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt who had similarly used secular, socialist, republican rhetoric to whip up disaffection in his neighbours and they had dealt with that by becoming even more fundamentalist Sunni and cracking down on secularism and socialism. [7][8] In the 1980s, Chief Martial Law Administrator and President General Zia-ul-Haq paid a state visit to Saudi Arabia where he unofficially told the King that: "Our achievements are yours". [32], According to reports, Saudi Arabia initiated the construction of its first research reactor at the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. Saudi Arabia has invested in Pakistani nuclear weapons projects, and believes it could obtain atomic bombs at will, a variety of sources have told BBC Newsnight. The kingdom plans to construct 16 nuclear power reactors WebAlthough Saudi Arabia does not possess weapons of mass destruction, Saudi officials have expressed that they will acquire nuclear weapons if their regional rival, Iran, does. In order to soothe ties Iran will have to end up either abandoning Shias or reverting to unfavourable status-quos in all these geographies. [38] The CSS-2 has a range of 4,850km with a payload of either 2,150 or 2,500kg. [29], In March 2018, the crown prince said if Iran decided to build a nuclear weapon, "we will follow suit as soon as possible". ", Campaigners warns of toxic UK arms deals with Saudi Arabia, Saada's Governor: Saudi Arabia is Experimenting Toxic Weapons in Yemen's Saada, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction&oldid=1141343938, Short description with empty Wikidata description, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 16:00. Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the worlds largest multimedia news provider, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. We can also hope that the Chinese brokered agreement will sober arrogant war hawks in Washington, helping them and people across the United States understand that even if our values and ambitions differ, diplomatic collaboration with China to reduce international tensions, to address the climate emergency, and to increase economic security are inour common interests, declared Gerson. Anyone can read what you share. In fact, it is regarded as a Chinese liquid-fueled, single-stage, nuclear medium-range ballistic missile. The rupture between Saudi Arabia and Iran occurred in 2016 when a vigilante mob ransacked the Saudi Embassy in Tehran after the execution of a Shia cleric by Saudi Arabia. Selling them out or forcing them to compromise would essentially mean the loss of a tangible and potent asset in exchange for esoteric promises of equality and peace. Saudi Arabia is building its own ballistic missiles with the help of China, according to United States intelligence assessments and satellite images. Sign up for notifications from Insider! Exclusive news, data and analytics for financial market professionals, Reporting by Moataz Mohamed and Omar Fahmy; Writing by Moataz Mohamed; Editing by Tom Hogue, Turkey's Erdogan endorses Finland's NATO bid, but Sweden must wait, US urges Turkey to quickly ratify Sweden's NATO bid, S&P, Moody's positive on Saudi Arabia's non-oil reforms, NATO's Stoltenberg hails Turkish move on Finland membership, sees Sweden joining soon, Security staff at Heathrow Airport vote for 10-day strike, Additions to Xinjiang sanctions list a priority -US DHS official, US House Foreign Affairs delegation to visit Seoul next month - Yonhap. March 17, 2023, 1:04 p.m. [7] Shortly thereafter, Saudi Minister of Defense Prince Sultan went with Prime Minister Sharif on a tour of a classified institute, the Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL), where leading scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan briefed the Prince and Prime Minister Sharif on nuclear physics and sensitive issues involving nuclear explosive devices. In 2013, BBC reported using multiple sources that Saudi Arabia has funded nuclear weapons development in Pakistan,[11][12] and various sources also told BBC Persian, regarding Saudi government belief that they are able to gain nuclear weapons at will. Mar 15, 2023, "reportonbusiness.com: Purchase this article", "Atoms for Peace in the Persian Gulf: The Vital Byproduct of P5+1 Nuclear Agreement With Iran", "Saudi Arabia: Nervously Watching Pakistan: For the Saudi Arabia Kingdom, Pakistan remains a unique partner", "Saudi Arabia to acquire nuclear weapons to counter Iran", "Pakistan, Saudi Arabia in secret nuke pact", "Saudi nuclear weapons 'on order' from Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia banks on Pakistan for nukes: BBC report", "Saudi Arabia orders nuclear weapons to Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia, China sign nuclear cooperation deal", "Kingdom, China ink nuclear cooperation pact", "Back to Global Security Newswire Home About Global Security Newswire Contact Us China, Saudi Arabia Ink Atomic Collaboration Deal", "Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East: Saudi Arabia", "US-UAE nuclear energy pact has messages for Iran", "Saudi defends Gulf Arab atom plans, criticizes Iran | International | Reuters", "Saudi Arabia May Seek Nuclear Weapons, Prince Says", "Saudi Arabia threatens to go nuclear if Iran does", "For Nations Seeking Nuclear Energy, The Option To Build A Weapon Remains A Feature Not A Bug", " .. ", "U.S. Approved secret nuclear power work for Saudi Arabia", "Nuclear Gulf: Is Saudi Arabia pushing itself into a nuclear trap? [8] Concerns were also directed about whether the deal would entail access to uranium enrichment technology. It was in the midst of this war that Iran first considered going nuclear. At the same time, negotiations between Iran and world powers to revive a nuclear deal that collapsed in 2018 when President Donald J. Trump withdrew the United States from the agreement have stalled with little prospect of revival. Saudi Arabia is a powerful regional player, considered a leader of the Sunni faith because of its custodianship of Islams holiest sites, and has close ties to the West. Saudi Arabia and the United States underscored the need to further deter Irans interference in "the internal affairs of other countries, its support for terrorism through its armed proxies, and its efforts to destabilize the security and stability of the region," the statement said. [42] The CSS-5, while it has a comparatively shorter range (2,800km) and half the payload (1 ton) of the CSS-2, is solid-fueled, thus can be set up and placed on alert status more easily than the liquid-fueled CSS-2, and its accuracy is much greater (circular error probable of 30 meters).[43]. Akaki Dvali. Furthermore, in March/August 2017, the Saudi Arabia Geological Survey signed an agreement to a Chinese nuclear company (CNNC), and it was associated with co-operation on uranium exploration. Instead of waiting for the West to punish Iran into submission, the Arab states appear to have embraced engagement, Ms. Vakil said, adding: Its better to dialogue and incentivize Tehran rather than live on the precipice of uncertainty and missile attacks., For Iran, Saudi Dtente Could Ease Strains Regionally and at Home, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/17/world/middleeast/iran-saudi-arabia.html. Ballistic missiles are rocket-propelled weapons that can carry conventional explosives as well as nuclear warheads. According to a western official, the facility was built near the remote town of AlUla. Last week, it brokered talks. [16] The Iranian programme proceeded in hiccups, accelerating when a threat was felt and slowing down when the leaderships threat perception reduced. Overview about the nuclear program of Saudi Arabia, Nuclear sharing with Arab States of the Arabic Gulf nuclear programs. ET. Build the strongest argument relying on authoritative content, attorney-editor expertise, and industry defining technology. At the center of the media negotiations was Iran International, a Saudi-owned and Washington-based Persian news channel, according to two Iranians familiar with the talks. There is no indication of the validity or credibility of the BBCs sources, nor does the article expand on what essentially constitutes an unverified lead. In May 2020, satellite images revealed that a roof concealed the cylindrical reactor vessel, which was visible through roof beams in a satellite picture until 15 March 2020. Any threat to Saudi Arabia is also a threat to Pakistan. Only time will tell, she declared. Although it doesn't allow to access equipment required to process Uranium, it allows the 6 companies involved to do preliminary work on nuclear power ahead of any deal. The crown prince is attempting to transform Saudi Arabia from an oil-dependent nation into an economic powerhouse that is more accepted in the West. Iran has since ramped up some nuclear activities, putting a ticking clock on an attempt to return to a deal in talks between Western powers and Tehran in Vienna. Ugc, via Agence France-Presse Getty Images. In recent months, Saudi Arabia has provoked the ire of the US, traditionally its closest international ally, while drawing closer to US adversaries including China and Russia. The Chinese can at best provide finances, but not the political heft to make a tangible peace. [26], On 17 September 2020, according to a confidential report compiled by the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) and the Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology (BRIUG), as seen by The Guardian, Saudi Arabia was identified to have enough uranium ore reserves to begin domestic production of nuclear fuel. Will Saudi Arabia or Bahrain give political power to their Shia minorities something they deny even their Sunni majorities? It also satisfies the Iranian need to show the west that it is not isolated and can break that isolation at a time and in a manner of its choosing. And on Thursday, the secretary of Irans Supreme National Security Council, Ali Shamkhani a powerful official who negotiated the Saudi deal in China arrived in the United Arab Emirates with a delegation of senior financial and security officials, including the governor of the Central Bank. Saudi Arabia does not want to acquire any nuclear bomb, but without a doubt if Iran developed a nuclear bomb, we will follow suit as soon as possible, he told CBS in 2018. MOHAMMED BIN SALMAN: Because he wants to expand. Furthermore, Saudi royalty and other high-ranking officials have explicitly mentioned warnings in regards to their intention to obtain nuclear weapons if Iran were to come in possession of such weaponry. ET. Saudi Arabia was found heading as another country in the Arab region, after the United Arab Emirates, to begin its own nuclear energy programme. Iran is predominantly Shiite, while Saudi Arabia is mainly Sunni. Satellite images from commercial imaging company Planet show the test site in Saudi Arabia on Nov. 2, 2021. In 1988, the international community became suspicious of Saudi nuclear proliferation after it purchased 36 CSS-2 intermediate-range ballistic missiles from China during the Iran-Iraq War. In 1998, the conservative Prime minister Nawaz Sharif informed Saudi Arabia confidentially before ordering the nuclear tests (see Chagai-I and Chagai-II) in the Weapon-testing labs-III (WTL) located in the Chagai remote site in Balochistan Province of Pakistan. Nevertheless, the fact that Saudi Arabia is now known to be manufacturing its own ballistic missiles will spark concerns of a ramped-up arms race in a highly tense region that is already riven with conflict. [27], In May 2015, in response to The Sunday Times of London report that the Saudis had "taken the 'strategic decision' to acquire 'off-the-shelf' atomic weapons from Pakistan," amid growing fears of a nuclear-armed Iran,[28] a Saudi defense official dismissed it as speculation. [10] Saudi Arabia's foreign minister neither rejected nor confirmed the possibility of purchasing nuclear weapons. While the Saudis at best got second grade arms, in limited quantities, the Iranians had their pick of the finest and most modern US weapons in any quantity they desired. Restraining Saudi-owned or affiliated news media outlets has been another thorny priority for Iran. March 17, 2023, 1:04 p.m. O'DONNELL: Does Saudi Arabia need nuclear weapons to counter Iran? Will Saudi Arabia Acquire Nuclear Weapons? [27] In the Senate Ed Markey and Marco Rubio introduced a bill, the Saudi Nuclear Proliferation Act, to block the deal. They both opposed socialism, they both used their oil resources to get fabulously wealthy and ploughed back much of that wealth into their own populations. IDN is the flagship agency of the Non-profit International Press Syndicate. Saphora Smith is a London-based reporter for NBC News Digital. The Saudis have long been U.S. allies and enjoyed a close relationship with the Trump administration, but those efforts to overhaul the countrys image were tainted by the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in 2018. Courtney Kube is a correspondent covering national security and the military for the NBC News Investigative Unit. Will a regional peace with the Arabs eliminate the threat of a Western regime change operation? "[25], According to the US based think-tank, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the BBC report on possible nuclear sharing between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia is partially incorrect. The statement said Biden also affirmed the United States continued commitment to supporting "Saudi Arabias security and territorial defense, and facilitating the Kingdoms ability to obtain necessary capabilities to defend its people and territory against external threats.". Saudi Arabia declared in 2011 that it planned to spend over US$80 billion to construct 16 reactors, and U.S. companies want to provide them. This potentially reduces the probability of a nuclear deal with the U.S.[30], in May 2018, Al Jazeera media reported the statement from the former director of Al Arabiya TV, Abdul Rahman Al-Rashed, who wrote in the Ash-Sharq Al-Awsat newspaper an article while accompanying Prince Mohammed bin Salman on his recent visit to Washington that no one can confirm if Saudi Arabia is capable of building a nuclear weapon yet. There were concerns, where Saudi was under suspicions of producing nuclear weapons, as it lacked transparency. Why China-brokered Saudi Arabia-Iran deal is only a masquerading achievement. Many countries around the world and in Europe did not realize how dangerous Hitler was until what happened, happened. [17] Khilewi obtained asylum in the US, with the consent of Saudi Arabia. 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