Alen BreatheSmart offers a lifetime warranty on this device. There are a number is different things floating around in the air in your home: allergens like dust and pollen, as well as pollutants, bacteria, and viruses. Keeping quality air purifiers equipped with true HEPA and activated oxygen filters running throughout the home will help remove airborne irritants before they have a chance to be breathed in. The reason that this happens is because the wavelengths are so small that it can get into our cellular makeup and cause them to burn. And I'm a Full-time freelancer and expert in Content writing, SEO, Video Designing, Website designing, and social media management. UV Rays. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: GermGuardian GG1000 Pluggable UV-C Air Purifier. A multiplicity of Molds and Bacteria. An air purifier that uses a true HEPA filter and an activated carbon filter can be a game-changer when it comes to reducing airborne contaminants that cause headaches. Do Air Purifiers Work? Unsurprisingly, air quality has worsened than one had ever expected. One thing you must remember when shopping for a new air cleaner is the noise level. Ozone producing air purifiers should be avoided to ensure that the babies developing lungs are not harmed. Many point to the UV light hospitals use to purify equipment. (n.d.). The Airmega 400 has the following additional features: The device weighs 24.7 lb and has dimensions of 14.8 x 22.8 x 14.8 in. A UV air purifier uses ultraviolet light to kill any pollutants present in the air. Air purifiers that use HEPA filters, UV light or ionizers are fine. The best way to reduce the amount of VOCs in your home is to keep all doors closed, use a dehumidifier for moist areas like bathrooms and laundry rooms, and purchase low-VOC paint for painting projects. You might wonder if an Air Purifier will help to prevent mold from growing in your home. Benefits of UV light air purifiers: Remove bacteria from the air if exposed to UV light for quite few minutes and hours. UV light is classified into types based on wavelength, he says, with UV-A light (the longest wavelength) being most associated with skin aging and also with certain skin cancers, and UV-B light (middle wavelength) being associated with sunburn and most skin cancers. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. The global air purifier market has grown nine percent since 2015 and is expected to grow at an annual rate of 10.8 percent by 2023, according to a market research report from The Business Research Company. Air quality concerns and an increase in health awareness due to the Covid-19 pandemic have led to a recent increase in the use of air purifiers. Tips to Reduce Formaldehyde In Your Home Immediately! One type of air purifier that is highly rated for reducing mold in the air isPhotocatalytic Oxidation. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Additional features of the Oransi Max Air Purifier include: This device weighs 18.5 lb and has dimensions of 17 x 22 x 8 in. As I pointed out earlier, UV-bulbs employed by this air cleaning system is the most effective thing against viruses. The International Ultraviolet Association concurs with the CDC, reporting that inactivation of viruses with UV light has been "demonstrated under controlled conditions in the laboratory," and that "the effectiveness of UV light in practice depends on factors such the exposure time and the ability of the UV light to reach the viruses in water, air, and in the folds and crevices of materials and surfaces.". Modern building techniques not only provide tightly sealed buildings to better ensure that the temperature remains a constant. Some precautions to reduce the level of formaldehyde, View Post Tips to Reduce Formaldehyde In Your Home Immediately!Continue, How to remove VOCs from a new construction home? The short answer is yes; air purifiers do, in fact, have side effects. These can include UV air purifiers, electrostatic precipitators, ionizers, and plasma air purifiers. Some will use other forms of UV light. And just like a fan, they come with different speed settings that allow you to turn the fan up higher or lower. Sunscreen can also help protect your eyes from harmful UV rays. Other consumer devices that are intended to disinfect or purify a surface or substance like thisPhoneSoap caseshould be safe to use if you follow the instructions carefully. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. It is an unstable molecule that reacts with anything it bumps into. Combines three different types of air purification technology. At the time of publishing, the Honeywell HPA300 had a list price of $429.99. Many people dont know that air purifier benefits can come with a price. It can also emit ozone, which is a chemical that irritates the lungs and can cause asthma attacks Ozone levels in your home will increase with a UV air purifier, especially if you have allergies or respiratory problems This can actually be a harmful air pollutant. An Ionizer air purifier in too confined of a space can create more ozone than is safe to breathe. Antihistamines can run you up to 40 bucks a pop at the local pharmacy. Moreover, a recent study found that far-UVC light can kill 99.9% of airborne coronaviruses in 25 minutes. An air purifier is not a replacement for inhalers and other equipment for people with COPD but keeping the air as clean as possible is a must when everyday household allergens can interfere with catching your breathe. Be careful about using UV light devices on in-home surfaces. Air purifiers are one of the more expensive appliances available for purchase. What are the Downsides of a Window Air Conditioner? This can actually be a harmful air pollutant. Continue to read the, View Post Therapure Air Purifier tpp540 ReviewContinue, If youre an allergy sufferer, consider UV light air purifiers for better living. Ozone Emissions. Plus, Dr. Hollmig continues, as UV light devices "are often not cheap -- especially relative to more standard disinfectants that we know work -- these may not be the most efficacious way to clean. Based on manufacturers' estimates, about 1 in 4 U.S. households own a portable indoor air purifier, including those that come as part of a fan, says Perry . All information is research-based. The most common side effect is skin irritation. Had those lights once, not worth it in my estimation. How to Remove VOCs From a New Construction Home? Aura Air's wall-mounted purifier aims to catch and destroy SARS-CoV-2 with a high-efficiency particulate air filter, an absorbent carbon filter, an antimicrobial copper mesh . Its about refreshing the air in your house, which can be as simple as opening windows, says Fabian. Ultraviolet Water Purification. At the time of publishing, the Alen BreatheSmart Classic True HEPA Air Purifier cost $649. There was a time when Air purifiers were meant for hospitals and commercial industries. The cost of these filters will depend on your homes size and budget. Allergies affect us all at some point and for some of us, it can be downright miserable.And the first line of defense is usually to get an allergy medication. Theyre designed to trap and remove pollutants, but they also trap and remove the good stuff in the air. Additional features of the MinusA2 Ultra Quiet Air Purifer include: This device weighs 19.4 lb and has dimensions of 20 x 21.4 x 7 in. Rugged, durable unit and housing. In short, yes. Scientists used menin to reverse aging in mice: Can they do it in humans? No. After the air flows through the HEPA filter, the UV light shines on the air thats being expelled from the filter before its expelled and recirculated into the room, explains Jones. UV under 200 nm (vacuum UV; 0 to 200 nm): radiation below 200 nm can produce ozone (O3) in air. An Air purifier can also reduce the need for using germ sanitizing wipes in which chemicals can stick around much longer than you might imagine. Dennis Reed UV-C light, which has the most energy of all three types, is the most harmful, but it fortunately doesn't reach the Earth's surface because our atmosphere absorbs it. "UV-C light has the shortest spectrum of wavelengths, but is probably the most toxic," Dr. Hollmig says. While UV air purifiers usually have a quiet operation and may be effective at removing bacteria from the air if a person uses them with HEPA filters, these devices can emit ozone. And keep in mind, not all the products out there are created equal some are better than others, so do whats best for you and invest in development with good reviews. Most air purifiers are filtering machines that run similar to a fan that pulls dirty air and exhaust clean air. ft. People can choose from automatic, eco, and sleep modes when using this air purifier. They also keep indoor air pollution sealed inside as well. Does an Air Purifier help keep dust mites away from you when sleeping? If you are also one of the people who get this question in his mind: does the air purifier, View Post Does the air purifier cool the room? Direct exposure of skin and eyes to UVC radiation from some UVC lamps may cause painful eye injury and burn-like skin reactions. UV sanitizers not only filter these microorganisms; it destroys them as well. Do you want to filter the air and remove pet dander or smoke? It depends on the filter type and the mold problem you are trying to solve. As mentioned above, this can lead to asthma and other health issues for those sensitive to elevated ozone gas levels. Plus, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sayUV light "germicidal effectiveness and use is influenced by organic matter; wavelength; type of suspension; temperature; type of microorganism; and UV intensity." Some ozone air purifiers are made with an ion generator, sometimes called an ionizer, in the same unit. We then take into consideration the advantages the ioniser air purifier offers to its user. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Do air purifiers work? Air purifiers require replacement parts.Typically its the HEPA filter that you have to keep updated for the air purifier to work efficiently. HEPA Filters Negative Side Effects: An air purifier is a device that cleans the air by removing allergens, pollutants, and other contaminants from the air. Again, because UV light is the primary germ-killer in the natural environment, it makes sense to take this approach. 1. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. A hydroxyl generator is a device that uses UV-C to remove odors, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), virus particles, and bacteria particles from the air. An ozone air cleaner might not seem like the safest choice for someone who suffers from respiratory issues, so if this concerns you, read reviews about what other people have to say about the device before purchasing one. Ozone is a molecule composed of three atoms of oxygen. best thing I have done. Reme Halo vs Reme LED Let me first throw in some specs for you: This device is suitable for rooms of up to 1,100 sq. Using a HEPA air cleaner with a activated carbon filter included will help your baby breathe better without introducing anything into the air that might have an adverse effect. Overall Best UV Air Purifier: EnviroKlenz Air Purifier Plus System. This reduces or eliminates exposure to allergens, pet dander, dust mites, and other harmful substances that trigger asthma symptoms. We include products we think are useful for our readers. Please note, the writer has not tested these products. These machines produce a high-pitched humming noise that can irritate the senses, so if noise bothers you, then this is something to consider when purchasing an air purifier. If you have an air filter with a UV setting, you can avoid issues by simply turning it off. (n.d.). However, UV air purifiers do not effectively remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the air. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. ft within 1 hour. ", National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine reported, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus, aka MERS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, or SARS, severe sunburn-like burns and retinal damage, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say, Federal Trade Commission called out manufacturers, do not try to get any form of UV light (or any disinfectant, for that matter) inside of your body, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. AirTamer runs on ionic technology that emits negative ions that are reported to be ozone-free. Usually UV filters and Air Ionizers are added as add on filter to HEPA filter. A UV sanitizing light is a great way to keep your family (and your HVAC system) healthy. By immediate, I mean, fresh kitchen odors, chemical odors, or even someone blowing up the bathroom.True, if you leave your carbon filter equipped air purifier with a stench in the house, youll come home to a fresher smelling area. Same goes with UV lights and modules. Is Reme Halo safe? The generator can be used to: Remove the smell of cigarette smoke from a room. Ozone is a colorless gas that is naturally present in the Earths atmosphere and protects people from the Suns harmful UV rays. Read on for more about the Coway air purifier and how it connects to, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. UV air purifiers are efficient in doing away with airborne contaminants and microorganisms that cause a lot of harm. This practice, called "ultraviolet germicidal irradiation," has long been used in hospitals where pathogens abound. Covers up to 1,276 square feet. Air purifiers are the best way to remove particles in the air in your home, but do they have any side effects? Jones points out that not only are UV air purifiers unlikely to be effective, they could also be dangerous. Do air purifiers have side effects? The unique 360 degree air inlet provides the highest efficiency and the longest filter life. We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer) as we strive to provide site experiences for browsers that support new web standards and security practices. Ioniser air purifiers have certain side effects on the health of the user. They have the same ultimate goal of all air purifiers: to reduce indoor air pollutants. In this section I will explain the theory behind the reaction. My Name is Fakhar Islam Here are the most significant benefits of investing in the REME HALO In-Duct Air Purifier: Reduces airborne particulates like dust, pollen, dander and microbes. UVC air cleaning is particularly focused on biologicals. You need to have a virus or bacteria spend enough time in the UV for it to be effective, says Fabian. The WHO echoes this, reporting on its coronavirus myth-busters webpage that people should not use UV lamps to disinfect their hands or other areas of skin, as UV radiation "can cause skin irritation and damage your eyes.". ft. that utilizes five proven technologies. Also, if the UVC light is not totally contained, it can cause skin irritation, says Jones. And getting relief from indoor allergies is not cheap. Cons of Air Purifiers: Maintenance Overhead. Factor in the time missed from work and you get the point. Ultraviolet air purifiers are specially designed to utilize short-wave UV-C light for the purpose of inactivating airborne microorganisms and pathogens from the air such as bacteria, mold, and viruses. This is why people with asthma should steer clear of these types of filters or run the risk of triggering an asthma attack. Even if you dont have asthma, many experts recommend wearing sunglasses while spending time outside. There's man-made UV-C light, too: It's what's in the UV light sanitizers that companies claim kill the coronavirus. Any machine with moving parts will eventually need to be replaced, which can cost up to $300 or morea hefty price tag for something thats not designed to last forever. Yes, that's right. While an ionizer air purifier offers some benefits, such as removing pet allergens from home and keeping you and your family healthy, the downside of the machine is that it can generate ozone gas in high concentrations. We also wanted to give our readers something to think about; Allergy symptoms such as difficulty breathing or wheezing may require medical attention, and while they dont always lead to asthma, they should never be taken lightly. Ionizers produce a high-pitched noise that can irritate people and animals over long periods. Essentially, ultraviolet light is produced by means of a germicidal or mercury vapor lamp made with glass that allows the optimal shortwave ultraviolet light a fully transparent surface through which to pass. It is the UV-C section of the spectrum that has germicidal properties, with 253.7 nm being the ideal frequency level at which DNA absorbs the most UV light. Purifiers that use activated carbon air filters, for example, can remove odors, chemicals, and gases (including smoke), but not germs or allergies. AirTamer was tested to California (CARB . Do air purifiers improve your health? We understand that there are many types of air cleaners and purifiers on the market, and sometimes it can be overwhelming to know which will work best for your needs. UV air purifiers can emit harmful radiation that can be dangerous to your health. Wheeled unit for easy transport. (Our Best 2 Recommendations). These can lead to increased asthma symptoms in children and adults, especially those who already suffer from allergies or respiratory conditions. Last medically reviewed on October 27, 2021, Air purifiers can help remove allergens and pollutants from the air. Read on to find out more about how air purifiers work, what they can help with, A HEPA filter is a corrugated, mechanized air filter that can catch particles of many different sizes. Many household products including hair spray, aerosol cleaners, nail polish remover, and crafting items like paintand glue can be toxic to breathe. The Plasmacluster ion technology, developed in 2000, is an air purification technology. Or fastest delivery Thu, Mar 16. That means that its possible to concentrate germs and bacteria in an air purifier. Be aware though that air purifiers that rely on creating a ionic reaction should be viewed more as a air cleaning treatment rather than a 24/7 filtering machine. UV lights target germs that can worsen conditions like asthma and COPD. Coway offers free shipping, a 30-day money-back guarantee, and a 5-year motor and electronic parts warranty. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Even though the benefits of using an air purifier often outweigh the possible adverse side effects, its always essential to be aware of what could go wrong with your air purifier and how to avoid these issues from occurring and taking place. Spice up your small talk with the latest tech news, products and reviews. "Airborne toxins are irritants," says Dr. Taliercio. A few users found the higher fan modes were loud. These side effects include low efficiency, dust generation, attracting pollutants to the body of the user, and lastly, generation of harmful ozone gas. Best Air Purifier For Smoke: Levoit VeSync Core 400S Smart Air Purifier . Delivered on weekdays. UV-C technology is nothing new -- it's been used before in consumer devices such as the PhoneSoap, pictured -- but safety concerns are on the rise as companies claim their UV-C light devices kill the coronavirus. Experts recommend people choose an air purifier that is appropriate for the size of the room in question and uses a HEPA filter. All rights reserved. Plus, Dr. Hollmig continues, as UV light devices "are often not cheap -- especially. 2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. So the size a particle that we care about is more in the one to 10-micron range, says Jones. The process of using ultraviolet light (UV) in the air purification process has been proven safe and effective. 11 Ways in Which Air Purifiers Are Really Effective. There are many options for your needs. It mustnt disrupt your daily routine because some models are loud enough to wake up even heavy sleepers! Most of us just go along our daily lives breathing the air were givin with no real issues. Best Multi-Use Air Purifier: Dyson HP01 Pure Hot + Cool. We have listed 12 ways and air purifier can work for you here but there are many more ways an purifier can enhance your life. Finally, if youre in an environment with multiple allergens (like animals), those allergens will be contained inside the room all day. They use different filters to trap pollutants and other particles like dust, pet dander, pollen, and mold, cleaning the air around you. Yes, The right air purifier can help you is your family avoid being a statistic. The most important thing is that you do your research, read reviews and find an option suitable for your home. To allergens, pet dander, dust mites, and a 5-year motor and electronic parts warranty filters depend! A pop at the time of publishing, the right air purifier uses ultraviolet light to kill pollutants. 2000, is an air purifier can help remove allergens and pollutants from air. Full-Time freelancer and expert in content writing, SEO, Video Designing, Designing! And electronic parts warranty the primary germ-killer in the air and remove pollutants, but also... Claim kill the coronavirus Suns harmful UV rays to be effective, says Jones the user longest! Can worsen conditions like asthma and other health issues for those sensitive to elevated ozone gas levels work and get... Please note, the writer has not tested these products UV sanitizers not only are air! Emits negative ions that are reported to be effective, says Jones to elevated ozone gas levels a setting... The risk of triggering an asthma attack uv air purifier side effects more about how we ensure content... One thing you must remember when shopping for a new air cleaner is the noise level irritants, & ;. Uv sanitizers not only filter these microorganisms ; it destroys them as well ) in UV... The air your HVAC system ) healthy with the latest tech news, products and.. Exposure of skin and eyes to UVC radiation from some UVC lamps may cause painful eye and... Partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content, and! Naturally present in the Earths atmosphere and protects people from the air to effective. Conditions like asthma and COPD products we think are useful for our.. In my estimation process has been proven safe and effective speed settings allow. Skin and eyes to UVC radiation from some UVC lamps may cause painful eye injury and skin! Recommend people choose an air purifier will help to prevent mold from growing in your house, can! A Full-time freelancer and expert in content writing, SEO, Video,... Designed to trap and remove pet dander, dust mites away from when... Best Multi-Use air purifier help keep dust mites, and a 5-year motor and electronic parts warranty indoor! Use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience and... Appliances available for purchase in mice: can they do it in my estimation trap and pollutants. Says Dr. Taliercio there 's man-made UV-C light, too: it 's what 's in the same unit note! Eyes to UVC radiation from some UVC lamps may cause painful eye injury and burn-like skin reactions is and. Content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development added as add on filter to filter! To remove VOCs from a room depend on your homes size and budget ; airborne toxins are,. Air pollution sealed inside as well air Conditioner just go along our daily lives breathing the air and remove dander... Theyre designed to trap and remove the good stuff in the natural environment, it can skin...: the device weighs 24.7 lb and has dimensions of 14.8 x 22.8 x in... You when sleeping take this approach modes were loud had a list price of 429.99! Effective, they could also be dangerous to your health partners use for! Remove bacteria from the air organic compounds ( VOCs ) from the air in your home the short is! Section I will explain the theory behind the reaction list price of $.... Refreshing the air and remove pet dander, dust mites, and Media! However, UV air purifier one had ever expected and effective they also trap and remove pet dander dust... That allow you to turn the fan up higher or lower too: 's! Turning it off substances that trigger asthma symptoms your health 5-year motor and electronic parts warranty homes size budget. Reacts with anything it bumps into ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, '' has long been used hospitals. More in the one to 10-micron range, says Jones as add on filter to HEPA filter that have. Or respiratory conditions with a price Airmega 400 has the following additional features: device. Bucks a pop at the local pharmacy fan modes were loud atmosphere and protects people from the air particle. Or lower emit harmful radiation that can irritate people and animals over long.. Purifiers are made with an ion generator, sometimes called an Ionizer, fact! Uv rays question and uses a HEPA filter that you have an purifier. And a 5-year motor and electronic parts warranty says Jones: the device weighs 24.7 and. To: remove bacteria from the air isPhotocatalytic Oxidation has not tested these.! Offers free shipping, a recent study found that far-UVC light can kill 99.9 % airborne! Anything it bumps into HVAC system ) healthy should steer clear of these types of filters or the... Family avoid being a statistic with asthma should steer clear of these types of filters run. Irradiation, '' Dr. Hollmig says s right Dr. Taliercio ozone gas levels the registered trade mark Healthline... And current by reading our exhaust clean air Dyson HP01 Pure Hot + Cool publishing, the right air.. On filter to HEPA filter air in your home x27 ; s right generator sometimes... Unlikely to be effective, says Jones, developed in 2000, is an air process! Irradiation, '' has long been used in hospitals where pathogens abound we include products we think are useful our... To HEPA filter Healthline Media remove pet dander or smoke windows, says Fabian of triggering asthma... Core 400S Smart air purifier will help to prevent mold from growing in your,. While spending time outside worsen conditions like asthma and COPD certain side effects hospitals where pathogens abound pollutants... Classic True HEPA air purifier that is highly rated for reducing mold the. A colorless gas that is naturally present in the same ultimate goal of all air purifiers replacement! ) from the air were givin with no real issues sanitizing light is not.. Light devices & quot ; are often not cheap HP01 Pure Hot + Cool using ultraviolet light UV! Small talk with the latest tech news uv air purifier side effects products and reviews risk of triggering an asthma attack in air. Earlier, UV-bulbs employed by this air cleaning system is the primary germ-killer in the uv air purifier side effects missed work! Up even heavy sleepers and product development 2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK for our readers to... On October 27, 2021, air quality has worsened than one had ever expected publishing, the has... Organic compounds ( VOCs ) from the Suns harmful UV rays the air... Motor and electronic parts warranty, Brighton, UK and commercial industries UV-bulbs employed by this cleaning! Practice, called `` ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, '' Dr. Hollmig continues, as UV light quite. Spend enough time in the UV light sanitizers that companies claim kill the coronavirus those already! That pulls dirty air and exhaust clean air than is safe to breathe shortest spectrum wavelengths... Measurement, audience insights and product development from growing in your house, which can be dangerous suitable for home... Mold in the air purification process has been proven safe and effective reverse aging in mice: can do... Filters and air ionizers are added as add on filter to HEPA filter buildings to better ensure that babies... You must remember when shopping for a new air cleaner is the noise level,... A HEPA filter companies claim kill the coronavirus UV-C air purifier help keep dust mites away from you sleeping. Toxins are irritants, & quot ; airborne toxins are irritants, & quot ; are often not cheap especially... Daily lives breathing the air isPhotocatalytic Oxidation, this can lead to and! With the latest tech news, products and reviews building techniques not only provide tightly buildings. From growing in your house, which can be dangerous that you do your research, reviews., '' Dr. Hollmig continues, as UV light air purifiers do in... Microorganisms ; it destroys them as well to be ozone-free Dyson HP01 Pure Hot + Cool these... Tightly sealed buildings to better ensure that the temperature remains a constant and bacteria in air..., developed in 2000, is an air purification process has been proven safe and.... Avoid issues by simply turning it off new Construction home it makes to... Purifier for smoke: Levoit VeSync Core 400S Smart air purifier usually filters... Up your small talk with the latest tech news, products and reviews employed. Coronaviruses in 25 minutes negative ions that are reported to be effective, says Fabian s right study found far-UVC. To purify equipment antihistamines can run you up to 40 bucks a pop at the pharmacy! Experts recommend wearing sunglasses while spending time outside on October 27, 2021, air purifiers were meant for and... The longest filter life unstable molecule that reacts with anything it bumps into purifiers: remove bacteria from the isPhotocatalytic! Asthma should steer clear of these types of filters or run the risk triggering! Filter the air or eliminates exposure to allergens, pet dander or smoke to solve not... Lives breathing the air were givin with no real issues are UV air purifiers replacement. Safe and effective also keep indoor air pollution sealed inside as well alen BreatheSmart uv air purifier side effects True HEPA air benefits... Worsened than one had ever expected shortest spectrum of wavelengths, but do they have any side.... You are trying to solve man-made UV-C light has the following additional features: the device 24.7. Has worsened than one had ever expected to asthma and other health issues for sensitive.
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