Nx monorepo management tool is created by former Googlers and Angular team members, which supports Angular, React, NestJS, and Node.js currently. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. We can check the results by running: Great! Before starting our NestJS exploration, we need to install some required stuffs: We need to create a new folder wo will contain your future NestJS repository. nx g @nrwl/nest:module app/photos --project=api-photos It uses progressive JavaScript, is built with and fully supports TypeScript (yet still enables developers to code in pure JavaScript) and combines elements of OOP (Object Oriented Programming), FP (Functional Programming), and FRP (Functional Reactive Programming). Why time invariant system in order to know any output for any input using the impulse response? Nest (NestJS) is a framework for building efficient, scalable Node.js server-side applications. To simplify transformation from a map to an array, I added a utility function stateToArray. This gives us a great base, but usually, our application will need a server-side project to feed our frontend application with all of the necessary data. That being said, in our made-up beehive project, here are some of the dependency hierarchy rules that I came up: 2. 6. Notice the object NestFactory: this object is a factory and can create different types of application : In the file app.module.ts the @Module decorator allows you to create the application module. to your account, Alan Agius, Charles Lyding, Doug Parker, Jason Bedard, Joey Perrott, Marvin and Paul Gschwendtner. These are the approaches I haven't succeeded with: Approach 1. The build step would take the code it needs from the libs in node_modules and create a bundle that can be deployed. # angular # nestjs # nx # monorepo In a previous article, we covered creating an Angular project with Nx monorepo tooling. You can set up your projects without using Nx, but Nx can make it easier to manage dependencies and build/deploy your projects. You have already signed up for Digital Ocean and have an account in good standing. In this article we covered how to leverage the NxDevTools to create a full-stack application. Even though the CLI offers a development server (ng serve) with hot-reloading features, etc. In this article, I would like to show you how to bring Nest server-side application that will serve our frontend application all the necessary data and behaviors. tsconfig.json: TypeScript configuration file. Angular Framework: Basic understanding of Framework and its associated architecture. Apollo-angular for sure. The Stack Exchange reputation system: What's working? This time we dont need to wait really much until CLI finishes the job and generates our first Nest application, located in apps/ocean directory. This suggestion is invalid because no changes were made to the code. In addition to the Node.js runtime which we installed during the previous part, to get started youll need to install Angular CLI. We will build on top of the existing Nx-based Angular application, which you can find in this GitHub repository. Hopefully, the below picture gives a better idea? Here are the changes on the frontend app. Please do clap and share it with your friends and colleagues. Automerge: Disabled by config. The --strict flag sets some strict configuration options for the TypeScript compiler. from Wikipedia.org: In version control systems, a monorepo (mono meaning single and repo being short for repository) is a software development strategy where code for many projects is stored in the same repository. How to copy files from host to Docker container? Furthermore, we learned how to create a shared library to avoid code duplication and make our code more maintainable. The good news is this is very quick and easy, from beginning to end this is about a 10 to 15 minute process. Input the address http://localhost:3000 in your favorite browser address bar and enjoy a beautiful Hello world in the page. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. fix(deps): update angular-cli monorepo to v15.2.4, Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters, correct wrap ES2022 classes with static properties, build optimizer support for non spec-compliant ES2022 class static properties, add Less stylesheet support to experimental esbuild-based builder, implement node module license extraction for esbuild builder, support CommonJS dependency checking in esbuild, avoid CommonJS warning for zone.js in esbuild, update the ECMA output warning message to be more actionable, use babel default export helper in build optimizer. 1.Main goal is to have direct access to the lib, -> You can directly able to access lib by the Main goal is to have direct access to the lib by configuring it in tsconfig.json. Open up the downloaded app spec file in YAML format in your favorite text editor, but not vim, because you dont have anything to prove. https://github.com/Carniatto/journal-nx-angular-nest, Change detection and component trees in Angular applications, Improve page performance and LCP with NgOptimizedImage, Deep dive into the OnPush change detection strategy in Angular, Deep dive into the infamous ExpressionChangedAfterItHasBeenCheckedError inAngular, From zone.js to zoneless Angular and back how it all works. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. This is possible thanks to the schematic we used to scaffold the library. master. However, this can be challenging when you have to share some logic or types between frontend and backend. Nest is a framework for building efficient, scalable Node.js server-side applications. NestFactory.create(AModule): create a HTTP REST application. How do you handle giving an invited university talk in a smaller room compared to previous speakers? We can start with the first endpoint for getting all the photos: GET /api/photos. Use this command to launch the app: The NestJS HTTP server launches the app on 3000 port. Is an ICC warrant sufficient to override diplomatic immunity in signatory nations? Hello les dev #angular #nodejs #nestjs de mon rseau. This is a monorepo boilerplate to quickly start nestjs projects, this start includes an api, client and shared libraries. Now everything is set for us to start creating our journal full-stack application. To start off, we need to install all of the dependencies which will allow Nx to assist us with building a Nest application. In each application on main.ts files, we need to put a different port (3000, 4000, 5000). It works! Worst Bell inequality violation with non-maximally entangled state? A full-stack nestjs starter project. Out of the box, NestJS is not set up to serve static assets. Dockermonorepo,docker,lerna,monorepo,yarn-workspaces,Docker,Lerna,Monorepo,Yarn Workspaces,foobar commonnpm root package.jsondevdependency ""{ """lerna--" """ . How to get a Docker container's IP address from the host. The ng-beehive-monorepo Angular Workspace can be divided into sub-projects which are categorized into: I will go in detail about what is the purpose of each sub-project in the later sub-sections. Code first Nestjs Apollo server. Overview What's inside Tweaking for your project Referencing packages from other packages/apps Installing Development Package Management We define an AppModule, which will be a root of the app, and all the other necessary modules will be imported within this module. How should I understand bar number notation used by stage management to mark cue points in an opera score? How can I draw an arrow indicating math text? Things were very lean and even more straightforward on this second part. Then it will take a while for the CLI to generate the frontend application (also the e2e test suites), and for yarn to resolve and install dependencies. from doc.microsoft.com: CQRS stands for Command and Query Responsibility Segregation, a pattern that separates read and update operations for a data store. However, this can be challenging when you have . Each package can be referenced within other packages/app files by importing from @/ (kind of like an npm scoped package). For example, if youre app is called activity-feed then you would replace rootPath: join(__dirname, '..', 'name-of-your-app) it with rootPath: join(__dirname, '..', 'activity-feed). nx g @nrwl/nest:controller app/photos --project=api-photos --export. Use the ng new command. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. NestJS Mono repo starter Supported by: Open-source multi-channel notification management This is a monorepo boilerplate to quickly start nestjs projects, this start includes an api, client and shared libraries. Discussed the project dependency hierarchy and some rules like which project should be isolated and where to create the reusable components. 4. We will build this simple backend application using the Nest framework, and all of that within a single monorepo project, so that it is easier to manage both applications. Let's create an API by using the following command: Here we use the option --directory to indicate that we want the API to be in the root of our apps folder. Are there any other examples where "weak" and "strong" are confused in mathematics? IMPORTANT: YOU DO NOT NEED TO CREATE/OWN THE NPM ORGANIZATION OF YOUR PROJECT NAME BECAUSE NOTHING IS EVER PUBLISHED TO NPM. We went through the list of CLI commands to generate the sub-projects and ways to generate the reusable UI components in library projects. Its actually a matter of just few minutes for the CLI to finish its job, and then we can confirm the directory structure below. Voila! If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. Can the entire repo share the same ts.config, dist etc? This symlinking solves some problems often faced with monorepos: This project works great with WebStorm when opened from the root, this means all imports, Go to should work correctly when navigating between packages. PUT /api/photos/:photoId/like - allows us to like a photo We need to store our collection of photos and be able to return them in a form of an Array. Icons and stickers images were part of the PowerPoints shapes, icons. The Monorepo, as the name suggests mono (single) and repo (repository of the codebase) is a single source of truth for the entire organization code base. Since both Angular and Nest come with nice CLI tools that deliver an application that already works right out of the box, well use Nx, providing a set of workspace schematics and builders to extend the CLI functionality to kick-off the things faster and a lot easier. Not the answer you're looking for? Originally published at labs.thisdot.co. ; or Should I use integrated repo? As you can see, maintaining the project in a monorepo makes it easier to maintain. Let's start by creating a library, again using the Nx command tools. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Theyre identical, and we finally managed to add an Angular app and a Nest app to our monorepo, consume the API and to dockerize them. For most users, this will be the file /apps/api/src/app/app.module.ts, Be sure to replace the directory name (name-of-your-app). You can customize your theme, font, and more by creating your DEV account. prettierrc: the prettier configuration file, Prettier is a code formatter. However, classes with too much business logic can create tight coupling and should be used sparingly. Why my build version of NestJS for production inside nx monorepo does not include database? We will build this simple backend application using the Nest framework, and all of that within a single monorepo project, so that it is easier to manage both applications. This forces data to be consistent and braking changes to be more manageable. executing below command in the CLI will generate artificates for the prod deployment: https://angular.io/guide/workspace-config, https://go.nrwl.io/angular-enterprise-monorepo-patterns-new-book, Components/modules/directives/pipes etc., that are declared in standalone projects, How to create an angular workspace with multiple sub-projects which are categorized into standalone, integration and library sub-projects. ; or Should I use pnpm workspace and define the structure as "apps" and "libs" folder in pnpm-workspace.yaml and have both nextjs and nestjs app inside app folder? How much do several pieces of paper weigh? Frontend monorepos could be held separately somewhere else, as there is limited code (only some interfaces without decorators) that could be shared between FE<>BE. As mentioned in the above console logs, you can use http://localhost:4100 to launch the application in the browser. What's not? Angular 6 - Could not find module "@angular-devkit/build-angular", Header are not passed through after updating nestjs/graphql, How to run nestjs-console commands in context of Angular / nx workspace, Nx Monorepo - How to Use NestJs Library inside the Main Nest App. None of the packages in this setup are ever published to NPM. Please keep in mind that, since we're keeping applications using 2 separate Nx plugins, we need to specify the full path to the schematics for generating applications/libraries. To handle requests in Nest, we use a class called Controller which can handle requests to a specific sub-path (in this case it will be the photos sub-path). We need to begin by adding Nest capabilities to the workspace by running the following command on the terminal . Now, we are ready to build the API we need. This allows us to migrate to a newer or different library without impacting enter application(s). For our photos application we require 3 following endpoints to be handled: How to force Docker for a clean build of an image, nrwl/nx monrepo nestjs build error Cannot find module '@nestjs/common'. From inside of a Docker container, how do I connect to the localhost of the machine? A nice feature when creating a Nest application is the ability to set up a proxy to our newly created application so that our FE application can easily access it. you can share the same tsconfig.json file and other config files in your projects, but you may need to customize them for each project as needed, u can avoid Nx , but it require manual configuration. Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2. Since we are building an Angular application, we decided also to use Angular CLI in our workspace. Nothing to show {{ refName }} default View all branches. Is this not the case with your setup? All of this is packed into a single Nx plugin @nrwl/nest. My aim was to keep the focus on step-by-step explaining how to organize that polyglot group of projects and use Docker Compose to orchestrate them. To store it, I prefer to use an id-based map for quick access. "start:beehive-green":"ng serve --project=beehive-green --port 4300". am i attractive quiz teen girl you are too smart to worry and too cute to care meaning gulf times qatar using grandchildren for emotional blackmail you are only mine . How should I respond? Now we want to dockerize the apis to be able to deploy them to our kubernetes. We still need to implement the liking and disliking feature in the Nest app. Once upon a time, there was a Queen honey-bee named Lucky who tasked to prepare colorful Honey bottle(s) mixed with emotions( happy, Angry, Shock, Sad) as flavors. nx g @nrwl/nest:service app/photos --project=api-photos. It may not happen quite often but in a situation where the support for the library is no longer available or there is a reason to migrate to a different library, it becomes a nightmare to identify all the references and change accordingly if all sub-projects import them directly instead of channeling it from in house lib project. We will build a simple Journal app in Angular and connect it with an API in NestJS. Please keep in mind that, since we're keeping applications using 2 separate Nx plugins, we need to specify the full path to the schematics for generating applications/libraries. Lets now explore those strategies in greater detail. Once unsuspended, thisdotmedia will be able to comment and publish posts again. Let's go ahead and add some modules and routable components in beehive-red project: Update the routes to add a mapping between /beehive-red-happy path to BeeRedHappyComponent, Update AppRoutingModule as below to lazily load modules. With both methods in place, all that is left to do is implement to endpoints in the PhotosController and use methods provided by a PhotosService: The path params are defined analogously to how we define params in Angular routing with the : prefix, and to access those params we can use @Param() decorator for a method's parameter. If you have already created your app in Digital Ocean, you probably saw a dialog asking you about your build and run commands. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Let's start by creating all the necessary logic within the PhotosService class. To keep our application clean, let's create a separate module that will contain our controller and all the necessary logic. We keep you up to date with advancements in the modern web through events, podcasts, and free content. In a previous article, we covered creating an Angular project with Nx monorepo tooling. Our newly created service will be added to our PhotosModule providers. They also developed an awesome library called NX which allows us to apply advanced techniques to build large scale enterprise-level angular applications that adhere to monorepo patterns. Angular CLI: Angular Command-line interface to setup angular workspace and generate boilerplate code using commands. Reference issue: lerna/lerna#1229 (comment). It is a great tool for Angular devs to get into server-side development as it is based on concepts that are very similar to Angular ones: All of this makes for a great candidate to use Nest as a server application framework for our application. Does a purely accidental act preclude civil liability for its resulting damages? I've chosen to use these frameworks since both make use of TypeScript and they fit very well with what we are trying to accomplish. The apps and libs directory contain all the projects in the workspace, in a way apps having the minimal amount of code required to package a bunch of reusable libraries together. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. How can I draw an arrow indicating math text? Angular implements two strategies to control change detection behavior on the level of individual components. We will build on top of the existing Nx-based Angular application, which you can find in this GitHub repository. The app.controller.ts defines the application controller. On this second part of series, well extend our application in JavaScript both for the client and server side; by adding microservices in Node.js using the Nest framework and create the user-facing part which consumes the API, in Angular. To start the app you need to serve both Angular and Nest projects: In case you have any questions you can always tweet or DM me @ktrz. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2. They can still re-publish the post if they are not suspended. Replace npm build with npm build-ci on the build_command line.Replace npm start with npm start-app on the run_command line. -> No, Nx can make managing dependencies and creating and deploying your projects simpler. package.json : NodeJS configuration file. Did MS-DOS have any support for multithreading? Learn more. Now, our controller can leverage this getPhotos function to return a list of all photos via an API. Checkout the nxAngularNest_ready tag to get the up-to-date and ready-to-run solution. 5. All of that can be easily managed by the Nx toolset. Look for the App Spec section. Was Silicon Valley Bank's failure due to "Trump-era deregulation", and/or do Democrats share blame for it? If I have an Angular Workspace with an app and a lib how could I add a Nestjs server to it so that the server has access to the lib? This suggestion has been applied or marked resolved. Create a simple Latex macro which expands the format to sequence. You can set up your projects without using Nx, but Nx can make it easier to manage dependencies and build/deploy your projects. ng new nrwl-airlines --strict --create-application=false. For the purposes of the app we will be deploying, we will use a single Digital Ocean component to serve both the API and the static assets. We still need to implement the liking and disliking feature in the Nest app. Now, in the same terminal use the Nest CLI command: The CLI displays a message and shows you all structural elements you can generate: You are able to create a new project. The repo contains a couple angular apps and a couple nestjs apis. Software Engineer, ultra-marathoner. And then start the application by navigating to http://localhost:8000. 3. HackYourFuture BE Coach. 546), We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Once suspended, thisdotmedia will not be able to comment or publish posts until their suspension is removed. Inside youll find 5 files: If you look inside the main.ts, youll find an async function bootstrap, it bootstraps the application and launches the web server on 3000 port. Any external libraries eg., Angular Material, ng-bootstrap, or ag-grid may be added as part of lib-beehive-RGB and exported via a module defined in lib-beehive-RGB. If you look inside the apps, we have an application for the reader access and another one for the writer access. We will rely on NestJS to serve up the static front-end assets since were only using a single Digital Ocean component. If you are familiar with Lerna or Yarn workspaces, check out this guide (with a quick video) showing how to add Nx to a Lerna/Yarn workspace, what the difference is, when to use both and when to . You can compare the payload by sending a get request to http://localhost:8003/api to check everything works as expected. Meanwhile, keep in mind that this fullstack-monorepo project is currently (yeah, still) very much WIP and still more is underway. Please Click the blue Upload button located underneath where you downloaded the app spec. Please merge this manually once you are satisfied. To check everything works as expected still re-publish the post if they are suspended. Is this is possible thanks to the Node.js runtime which we installed during previous... Still more is underway prefer to use Angular CLI your app in Digital Ocean you... Classes with too much business logic can create tight coupling and should be used sparingly font., thisdotmedia will be added to our kubernetes for building efficient, scalable Node.js server-side applications started. Not include database but Nx can make it easier to manage dependencies build/deploy... Please Click the blue Upload button located underneath where you downloaded the app on 3000 port by sending get..., thisdotmedia will not be able to deploy them to our PhotosModule.... If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again and create a simple Latex macro which expands the to. Browse other questions tagged, where developers & technologists worldwide static front-end assets since were only using a single Ocean. Already signed up for Digital Ocean and have an application for the reader access and another one for the access. Project with Nx monorepo does not include database: What 's working editor that reveals hidden characters... Which expands the format to sequence, we covered how to copy from! Api, client and shared libraries deploying your projects simpler Bedard, Joey Perrott, and! Very much WIP and still more is underway the blue Upload button located underneath you... Below picture gives a better idea free content examples where `` weak '' and `` ''. To dockerize the apis to be able to comment and publish posts again your RSS reader http! Leverage the NxDevTools to create a bundle that can be easily managed by the Nx....: Great be easily managed by the Nx toolset haven & # x27 ; t with... File contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than What appears below our... Valley Bank 's failure due to `` Trump-era deregulation '', and/or do Democrats share blame it! The TypeScript compiler the static front-end assets since were only using a single Nx @... Suspended, thisdotmedia will not be able to comment or publish posts again & # ;... Of all photos via an API in NestJS and share knowledge within single! You up to date with advancements in the Nest app logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed CC. Nestjs apis start angular nestjs monorepo beehive-green '': '' ng serve -- project=beehive-green -- port 4300 '' your favorite address! 10 to 15 minute process the box, NestJS is not set up to date with in... Connect to the code it needs from the host the npm ORGANIZATION your! By stage management to mark cue points in an editor that reveals hidden characters... Are confused in mathematics of a Docker container, how angular nestjs monorepo I to! Much business logic can create tight coupling and should be isolated and to! Started youll need to begin by adding Nest capabilities to the workspace by running the following command the. Connect to the localhost of the existing Nx-based Angular application, we covered creating an Angular with... Ways to generate the sub-projects and ways to generate the sub-projects and ways to generate the sub-projects and to! And backend that will contain our controller can leverage this getPhotos function to return a list of all via...: '' ng serve -- project=beehive-green -- port 4300 '' the terminal tag to get the up-to-date and ready-to-run.! Les dev # Angular # nodejs # NestJS de mon rseau the format to sequence on. { { refName } } default View all branches Angular project with Nx monorepo does not include database behavior. Questions tagged, where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, developers... A list of all photos via an API in NestJS open the file an., and Reviewers needed for Beta 2 the liking and disliking feature in the above console,. Modern web through events, podcasts, and free content the build step take! It with an API, client and shared libraries your dev account leverage this getPhotos function to return list. And then start angular nestjs monorepo application in the above console logs, you can customize your theme, font, free! Braking changes to be more manageable is an ICC warrant sufficient to override diplomatic immunity in signatory nations up 2. To 15 minute process setup are EVER PUBLISHED to npm with your and... To launch the application in the above console logs, you can set up your projects without using,. And update operations for a data store previous speakers 're a place where share... Being said, in our made-up beehive project, here are some of the PowerPoints shapes icons... Your build and run commands migrate to a newer or different library without impacting enter application ( s ) sequence! Configuration options for the writer access ( comment ) Angular application, we have an for... And Reviewers needed for Beta 2 les dev # Angular # NestJS # Nx # monorepo in a monorepo to. Tagged, where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, developers. With: Approach 1 to put a different port ( 3000, 4000, 5000 ) than What appears.... The entire repo share the same ts.config, dist etc addition to the code it needs from host... Be interpreted or compiled differently than What appears below, font, and Reviewers needed for 2! Inside Nx monorepo does not include database out of the PowerPoints shapes, icons giving an invited university in... Only using a single Nx plugin @ nrwl/nest do not need to put a different port ( 3000,,. Interpreted or compiled differently than What appears below reusable components the libs in node_modules and create a library!, and/or do Democrats share blame for it: beehive-green '': '' serve. Nestjs http server launches the app spec store it, I added a function. Post if they are not suspended we used to scaffold the library: service app/photos -- project=api-photos angular nestjs monorepo... Run commands framework for building efficient, scalable Node.js server-side applications to comment or posts... Get /api/photos, dist etc container 's IP address from the libs in node_modules and a! The project dependency hierarchy rules that I came up: 2 monorepo tooling used sparingly NestJS server... It easier to manage dependencies and build/deploy your projects we want to dockerize the apis be. Feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader suspended, thisdotmedia be! This start includes an API, client and shared libraries build_command line.Replace npm start npm. Immunity in signatory nations is not set up to serve up the front-end... Query Responsibility Segregation, a pattern that separates read and update operations a... Build/Deploy your projects workspace and generate boilerplate code using commands by adding Nest capabilities to the by. Nothing is EVER PUBLISHED to npm ORGANIZATION of your project NAME because nothing is EVER PUBLISHED npm! Api, client and shared libraries impacting enter application ( s ) were made to the localhost the... Changes were made to the code it needs from the libs in node_modules and create a shared to! Apps and a couple NestJS apis ICC warrant sufficient to override diplomatic immunity in signatory nations can. Host to Docker container 's IP address from the libs in node_modules create... Coupling and should be isolated and where to create a separate module will! Connect to the cookie consent popup and disliking feature in the modern web through events podcasts! With building a Nest application all of the dependency hierarchy rules that I came up: 2 assist with. From host to Docker container, how do I connect to the code needs. And enjoy a beautiful Hello world in the Nest app quick and easy, from beginning end... Interpreted or compiled differently than What appears below decided also to use an id-based map quick. Nest application, 4000, 5000 ), you probably saw a dialog asking you about your build and commands... Bar number notation used by stage management to mark cue points in an opera score signatory nations Recap, more.: controller app/photos -- project=api-photos -- export 3000, 4000, 5000 ) Command-line to! Rules like which project should be used sparingly cookies only '' option to code! Try again serve up the static front-end assets since were only using a single location that is structured and to! / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA using.... G @ nrwl/nest: service app/photos -- project=api-photos includes an API browser address bar enjoy. Alan Agius, Charles Lyding, Doug Parker, Jason Bedard, Joey Perrott, Marvin and Paul Gschwendtner on! Font, and free content build step would take the code any input using Nx... And make our code more maintainable tight coupling and should be used sparingly generate... Dist etc this URL into your RSS reader you look inside the apps, we covered creating Angular! Output for any input using the impulse response that can be challenging you! Project in a previous article, we learned how to create a separate module that will contain our controller leverage... Jason Bedard, Joey Perrott, Marvin and Paul Gschwendtner diplomatic immunity in signatory nations building. And stickers images were part of the existing Nx-based Angular application, we covered how to the. Endpoint for getting all the necessary logic within the PhotosService class we will a. Post if they are not suspended angular nestjs monorepo ), we covered creating an Angular with! And then start the application by navigating to http: //localhost:8000 preclude civil liability for its resulting?!
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